Atomic Knowledge #16: Gall's Law
A simple rule of thumb for understanding how complex systems come into existence and why attempts to build complexity outright often fail
⏱️ Reading Time ≈ 2 min
“A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that worked. A complex system designed from scratch never works and cannot be patched up to make it work. You have to start over with a working simple system.” — John Gall
Gall’s Law asserts that a complex, successful outcome almost always evolves step-by-step from a simple, functional beginning. Introduced by John Gall in 1975 in Systemantics, this principle emerged during an era of grand-scale projects—especially in computer systems—that frequently failed because they were overambitious from the outset. Today, the law applies across diverse fields, from software and ecosystem design to urban planning and biological evolution.
Imagine someone who has never cooked attempting to prepare a complicated, five-course gourmet meal without any prior experience. Overwhelmed by a dizzying array of ingredients, techniques, and precise timing, the meal would likely fail—some dishes burning, others remaining undercooked, and the overall balance of flavors falling apart. In contrast, by first mastering a simple recipe, the novice gradually builds essential skills and expands their culinary repertoire, ensuring that each new dish is constructed on a solid, proven foundation.
The key to harnessing Gall’s Law lies in adopting an experimental mindset. Embracing continuous iteration and being ready to pivot is fundamental; early prototypes serve as the cornerstone for further development, while rapid feedback guides the evolution of the design. By breaking challenges into manageable layers, testing each one independently, and leveraging existing, working systems, designers can refine their approach step by step. This experimental, adaptive process is what transforms humble beginnings into robust, complex systems.
While simplicity is a necessary starting point, it is not sufficient by itself; true complexity emerges only when a simple, working base is nurtured and allowed to evolve organically, much like a living organism.
Complex systems are alive—they grow from simple beginnings, but only through relentless experimentation and adaptation do they truly come to life.
👋🏼 Make the most of it! Until next time, S.
Deepen Your Knowledge
John Gall (Wikipedia)
Gall, 1975 - Systemantics: How Systems Really Work and How They Fail (book)
Previously on Atomic Knowledge
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